Artificial Intelligence in Health and Bioethical Implications

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence in Health and Bioethical Implications
The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the twenty-first century, notably in its application to health and neurotechnologies, represents a transformative milestone with undeniable potential to enhance the human condition, from diagnosing complex diseases to restoring motor functions. However, this rapid innovation imposes a central ethical-legal dilemma: how to reconcile technological advancement with the non-negotiable protection of human dignity and bioethical principles. This article examines the inherent risks at this intersection, identifying algorithmic opacity (black box), discriminatory biases, and threats to autonomy and privacy – particularly neural data – as the main points of vulnerability. It employs a methodology of literature review and documentary analysis of national regulatory frameworks, such as the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados – LGPD), and international frameworks, such as those of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), and the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in pursuit of solutions to mitigate negative impacts.